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Twenty-Five Kinds of Perfect Understanding from the Surangama Sutra - Kaundinya

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Twenty-Five Kinds of Perfect Understanding from the Surangama Sutra - Gavampati

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Twenty-Five Kinds of Perfect Understanding from the Surangama Sutra - Samantabhadra

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Twenty-Five Kinds of Perfect Understanding from the Surangama Sutra - Bodhidharma

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Twenty-Five Kinds of Perfect Understanding from the Surangama Sutra - Avalokitesvara

楞嚴二十五圓通圖 吳彬

中國

此套圖冊共有二十五頁,每頁右上角有寫經紙質籤條,各題二十五圓通的佛、菩薩、聲聞等尊名。無作者署款、紀年,然由冊後陳繼儒、董其昌跋文得知為吳彬所作,創作年代推測在明萬曆三十年(1602)之後。吳彬,生卒年不詳,字文仲,福建莆田人,流寓金陵(今江蘇南京),明(1368~1644)末山水與人物畫家。
 此冊內容畫《大佛頂如來密因修證了義諸菩薩萬行首楞嚴經》卷五所載的二十五圓通法門。所謂圓通,是圓滿周遍、融通無礙之義;二十五圓通法門,係指佛對菩薩、聲聞問:「何法得圓通?」觀音、普賢等菩薩及目犍連、摩訶迦葉等聲聞,各舉自得之法答之;有二十五理,即六塵、六根、六識、七大。此冊乃依據此經,然略有更異,其中將代表淨土的無量壽佛和代表禪宗的達摩圖像,分別放在全冊的開首和結尾,或與當時流行的禪淨雙修有關。
 此冊不以經文敘事為依憑,而著重在表達證得圓通之剎那。如第一幅畫嶠陳五比丘,其以聲塵得悟圓通。畫面僅描繪五位已得圓通的比丘環坐於石塊之上,並加入一位經文未見記載的僮僕,側身將手持的磬面對著左下方的比丘,以法器來暗示聲音,傳達透過「音聲」而能證得圓通。
 第九幅畫嬌梵鉢提,其從味覺悟得圓通。作者以鉢和筷子等實物表現人的感官知覺,來強調圓通法門。第十二幅畫普賢,其以心聞耳識悟得圓通;聞雖由耳,然須用心。圖中菩薩耳朵露於髮外,描繪清楚,六牙白象鼻卷二支蓮花,立於黑色岩石前,黑白對比鮮明。第二十二幅畫觀音,其以耳根得圓通。圖中觀音戴化佛寶冠,上披白巾,身穿白袍,臨河結跏趺坐,身後竹林茂密。第二十五幅達摩,此為經文中所無,是作者新增圖像。達摩趺坐於石室內,衣飾線條簡樸,與黑色岩石複雜的紋路形成鮮明對比。
 此作敷色明豔古雅,取景及樹石造型,均著意誇大變形,古拙而有奇趣,將吳彬喜創新意,不愛臨古之作風表現得淋漓盡致。人物如陳繼儒行書所題:「盧楞伽畫華嚴變相圖,余曾見真蹟,未有寫楞嚴二十五圓通者,蓋自吳文仲始有。吳興潘朗士親為經營指授,故胡貌梵相,意態毫髮,皆向筆端出現……」作者以冊頁形式來表現二十五聖者,每一頁畫面均各自獨立,皆是單獨而完整的作品。

For more details, go to the Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z, page 950.

Cite this article:

Hsingyun, et al. "Twenty-Five Kinds of Perfect Understanding from the Surangama Sutra." Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z, vol. 16, 2016, pp. 950.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Youlu, Graham Wilson, Manho, Mankuang, and Susan Huntington. 2016. "Twenty-Five Kinds of Perfect Understanding from the Surangama Sutra" In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z, 16:950.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Youlu, Wilson, G., Manho, Mankuang, & Huntington, S.. (2016). Twenty-Five Kinds of Perfect Understanding from the Surangama Sutra. In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z (Vol. 16, pp. 950).
@misc{Hsingyun2016,
author = Hsingyun and Youheng and Youlu and Wilson, Graham and Manho and Mankuang and Huntington, Susan,
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z},
pages = 950,
title = {{Twenty-Five Kinds of Perfect Understanding from the Surangama Sutra}},
volume = 16,
year = {2016}}


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