Toji Temple: Manjusri as a Monk
Cypress wood
僧形文殊像
日本
又稱聖僧文殊。該像雕製於平安時代（794～1185）前期，為日本僧形文殊中年代最早之造像。一九○一年指定為日本重要文化財。
文殊菩薩多呈在家相，但供奉於禪林僧堂、齋堂時則作比丘形象。據《宋高僧傳》卷一記載，始自中國唐大曆四年（769）不空三藏上奏「天下食堂中置文殊菩薩為上座，制許之」。此後寺院齋堂多有安置文殊菩薩像。
該像頭部至腹部由檜木整材雕造，再接合腰下至雙足。文殊結跏趺坐，內著僧祇支，外披袈裟。面相方圓，雙垂大耳，眼瞼微開，目視下方，鼻翼寬大，下顎、雙肩寬闊，體軀壯碩，骨格寬大，手指張開置於雙膝，掌心向上。眉骨、鼻溝、嘴角刻劃深入，露出鎖骨、肋骨、額頭皺紋的老僧姿態，為其特徵。
For more details, go to the Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture St-Z, page 1233.
Cite this article:
Hsingyun, et al. "Toji Temple: Manjusri as a Monk." Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture St-Z, vol. 13, 2016, pp. 1233.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Yann Lovelock, Yuan Chou, Susan Huntington, Gary Edson, and Robert Neather. 2016. "Toji Temple: Manjusri as a Monk" In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture St-Z, 13:1233.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Lovelock, Y., Chou, Y., Huntington, S., Edson, G., & Neather, R.. (2016). Toji Temple: Manjusri as a Monk. In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture St-Z (Vol. 13, pp. 1233).
@misc{Hsingyun2016,
author = Hsingyun and Youheng and Lovelock, Yann and Chou, Yuan and Huntington, Susan and Edson, Gary and Neather, Robert,
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture St-Z},
pages = 1233,
title = {{Toji Temple: Manjusri as a Monk}},
volume = 13,
year = {2016}}
author = Hsingyun and Youheng and Lovelock, Yann and Chou, Yuan and Huntington, Susan and Edson, Gary and Neather, Robert,
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture St-Z},
pages = 1233,
title = {{Toji Temple: Manjusri as a Monk}},
volume = 13,
year = {2016}}