Kofukuji Temple East Golden Hall: Twelve Yaksa Generals - Catura
Cypress wood
Kofukuji Temple East Golden Hall: Twelve Yaksa Generals - Kinnara
Kofukuji Temple East Golden Hall: Twelve Yaksa Generals - Mahoraga
Kofukuji Temple East Golden Hall: Twelve Yaksa Generals - Sandila
Kofukuji Temple East Golden Hall: Twelve Yaksa Generals - Anila
Kofukuji Temple East Golden Hall: Twelve Yaksa Generals - Andira
Kofukuji Temple East Golden Hall: Twelve Yaksa Generals - Mihira
Kofukuji Temple East Golden Hall: Twelve Yaksa Generals - Kumbhira
興福寺十二神將像
日本
位於東金堂主尊藥師佛坐像之兩側，左右各六尊，像高113～126公分不等。一九五三年指定為日本國寶。
據十二神將像其中之波夷羅大將足底之墨書銘記載，鎌倉建永二年（1207）妝彩完成，故被認為雕造於此時；珊底羅大將像右足榫頭有「眾阿彌□」之銘文，亦被視為參加造像之匠師。十二神將為藥師佛之眷屬，隨侍藥師佛，並守護誦持《藥師經》者。
十二像之軀幹基本上以接合的左右二材雕出，再因應各像的姿勢接合其餘部位。每像髻上均置有瑞獸，為十二生肖。逆髮，或戴盔帽，眉毛上揚，雙目圓睜，或張口怒吼，或雙唇緊閉，表情豐富。身著甲胄，立於岩座上。手或持器物，或以各種動作出威嚇架勢，均作武士裝扮，表現守護神的性格。除伐折羅大將穿草履外，其餘各像皆穿鞋。
雕造技法精巧，活潑生動，描繪有寶相花、卷草及團花紋等，並摻合漸層彩色，施以小碎片金箔，具多彩的紋樣，造型強勁有力，從其作風推測為慶派雕刻師所製，為鎌倉時代（1185～1333）天部雕刻之代表作。
For more details, go to the Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture G-M, page 545.
Cite this article:
Hsingyun, et al. "Kofukuji Temple East Golden Hall: Twelve Yaksa Generals." Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture G-M, vol. 11, 2016, pp. 545.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Yann Lovelock, Yuan Chou, Susan Huntington, Gary Edson, and Robert Neather. 2016. "Kofukuji Temple East Golden Hall: Twelve Yaksa Generals" In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture G-M, 11:545.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Lovelock, Y., Chou, Y., Huntington, S., Edson, G., & Neather, R.. (2016). Kofukuji Temple East Golden Hall: Twelve Yaksa Generals. In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture G-M (Vol. 11, pp. 545).
@misc{Hsingyun2016,
author = Hsingyun and Youheng and Lovelock, Yann and Chou, Yuan and Huntington, Susan and Edson, Gary and Neather, Robert,
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture G-M},
pages = 545,
title = {{Kofukuji Temple East Golden Hall: Twelve Yaksa Generals}},
volume = 11,
year = {2016}}
author = Hsingyun and Youheng and Lovelock, Yann and Chou, Yuan and Huntington, Susan and Edson, Gary and Neather, Robert,
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture G-M},
pages = 545,
title = {{Kofukuji Temple East Golden Hall: Twelve Yaksa Generals}},
volume = 11,
year = {2016}}