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Gridhakuta

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Gridhakuta: Platform on the Summit

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Gridhakuta

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Gridhakuta: Cave

靈鷲山

印度比哈爾巴特那地

譯名為Gridhrakuta。又稱耆闍崛山。位於印度比哈爾邦拉查基爾(Rajgir, Bihar)附近的恰塔基裡山(Chhatagiri Hill),即古印度摩揭陀國王舍城東北。因山上岩石形似鷲頭,又以山中多鷲而名靈鷲山。佛陀常於此演說妙法,為佛教重要聖地之一。七世紀中國玄奘大師於《大唐西域記》中描述該山層巒疊嶂,由山麓至峰頂,有頻婆娑羅王(約543~491 BCE在位)為方便佛陀前往峰頂說法,命人修築的石階;山腰間可見兩座方形磚石平台基座,此二平台原為二小塔,第一座名「下乘」,為頻婆娑羅王至此下馬步行上山處,第二座名「退凡」,則是王摒退侍衛,獨自上山謁佛之處;另有一磚造僧院,內供奉佛像,高與真人等身,還有數座石室,為佛弟子禪定所。十九世紀末至二十世紀初,英國歷史家布勞德雷(Alexander Broadley)發現靈鷲山,並由考古學家馬歇爾(John Marshall)證實。
 靈鷲山山頂地勢平坦,東西較長而南北狹窄,有頻婆娑羅王命人修築的石階。山腰間可見兩座方形磚石基座,即為玄奘所提「下乘」和「退凡」塔的遺蹟。山上有僧院遺蹟;另有自然形成的石窟,推測為佛陀、舍利弗、大迦葉、阿難等弟子禪定處。山頂上現存一磚石砌方形台基,據考應是笈多王朝(約320~550)所建之佛塔遺蹟。

For more details, go to the Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Architecture G-L, page 382.

Cite this article:

Hsingyun, et al. "Gridhakuta." Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Architecture G-L, vol. 2, 2016, pp. 382.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Peter Johnson, Mankuang and Lewis Lancaster. 2016. "Gridhakuta" In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Architecture G-L, 2:382.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Johnson, P., Mankuang, & Lancaster, L. (2016). Gridhakuta. In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Architecture G-L (Vol. 2, pp. 382).
@misc{Hsingyun2016,
author = Hsingyun and Youheng and Johnson, Peter and Mankuang and Lancaster, Lewis,
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Architecture G-L},
pages = 382,
title = {{Gridhakuta}},
volume = 2,
year = {2016}}


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