Kofukuji Temple: Eight Classes of Dharma Protectors - Asura
Dry lacquer
Kofukuji Temple: Eight Classes of Dharma Protectors - Heavenly Being
Kofukuji Temple: Eight Classes of Dharma Protectors - Naga
Kofukuji Temple: Eight Classes of Dharma Protectors - Yaksa
Kofukuji Temple: Eight Classes of Dharma Protectors - Gandharva
Kofukuji Temple: Eight Classes of Dharma Protectors - Garuda
Kofukuji Temple: Eight Classes of Dharma Protectors - Kinnara
Kofukuji Temple: Eight Classes of Dharma Protectors - Mahoraga
八部眾像 將軍萬福
日本
該群像原為日本奈良興福寺西金堂的護法神，是光明皇后為母橘三千代追薦冥福而立，現藏於該寺國寶館。據《造佛所作物帳》記載，此八尊造像由雕刻師將軍萬福所作，畫師秦牛養彩繪。一九五一年指定為日本國寶。
八部眾指五部淨、摩●（O）羅、鳩槃荼、乾闥婆、阿修羅、迦樓羅、緊那羅、畢婆迦羅。頭部比例勻稱，五官及身材接近真人，表情嚴謹虔敬。除了五部淨只遺上半身外，其餘皆保存良好。
阿修羅像三面六臂，臉龐緊繃，具少年的清純、率直氣質；佩戴胸飾，著帔帛，兩手合掌當胸，四臂上舉，為奈良時代（710～794）夾紵像的代表作品。五部淨像頭戴象冠，正面凝視。鳩槃荼像髮作火焰狀，雙目圓睜，張口露齒。乾闥婆頭戴獅冠，蹙眉、閉目，狀若沉思。緊那羅頭上正面有一角，額上置第三眼。畢婆迦羅唇和下顎蓄鬚。摩●（O）羅頂上立有蛇頭。迦樓羅為鳥頭人身相，著披肩，睜眼凝視遠方。除阿修羅像外，均身著鎧甲，作武士裝扮。此群像上承奈良時代的優美，下啟鎌倉時代（1185～1333）的寫實，為當時的極致作品。
For more details, go to the Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture G-M, page 538.
Cite this article:
Hsingyun, et al. "Kofukuji Temple: Eight Classes of Dharma Protectors." Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture G-M, vol. 11, 2016, pp. 538.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Yann Lovelock, Yuan Chou, Susan Huntington, Gary Edson, and Robert Neather. 2016. "Kofukuji Temple: Eight Classes of Dharma Protectors" In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture G-M, 11:538.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Lovelock, Y., Chou, Y., Huntington, S., Edson, G., & Neather, R.. (2016). Kofukuji Temple: Eight Classes of Dharma Protectors. In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture G-M (Vol. 11, pp. 538).
@misc{Hsingyun2016,
author = Hsingyun and Youheng and Lovelock, Yann and Chou, Yuan and Huntington, Susan and Edson, Gary and Neather, Robert,
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture G-M},
pages = 538,
title = {{Kofukuji Temple: Eight Classes of Dharma Protectors}},
volume = 11,
year = {2016}}
author = Hsingyun and Youheng and Lovelock, Yann and Chou, Yuan and Huntington, Susan and Edson, Gary and Neather, Robert,
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture G-M},
pages = 538,
title = {{Kofukuji Temple: Eight Classes of Dharma Protectors}},
volume = 11,
year = {2016}}