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Nalanda: Four-Headed Vairocana

Gilt copper alloy

四面大日如來坐像

印度比哈爾邦那爛陀寺遺址出土

印度比哈爾邦(Bihar)那爛陀寺遺址(Nalanda)出土。作品整體保存良好,據其勻稱的身形、飽滿的面相、腰布的襞褶及裝飾紋樣等,推測應為十一世紀波羅王朝(Pala,約8~12世紀)後期所造。
 如來全身鎏金,頭髮盤繞,四面均戴寶冠,頂端飾金剛杵。上身佩戴項鍊、臂釧、腕釧等裝飾品。結跏趺坐於仰覆蓮座上,雙手舉於胸前結智拳印,握拳的右手上端露出一小截金剛杵,故被認為是執持金剛杵的大日如來。其四面相、印相和手持物等特徵,均與十一世紀印度人阿巴雅卡拉笈多(Abhayakaragupta)所編纂的文獻《完成的瑜伽寶環》(Nispannayogavali)第十九章〈金剛界曼荼羅〉內容描述的四面八臂大日如來圖像特徵一致,唯此像僅現二臂。
 如來蓮座由四足方台承托,方台兩端各有一橫伏守護獅,頭朝正面,一前爪提起。如來寶座特別之處,在於蓮座上四方鑄出金剛杵、寶珠、蓮花以及羯磨杵等,象徵三昧耶形。

For more details, go to the Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture N-Sr, page 750.

Cite this article:

Hsingyun, et al. "Nalanda: Four-Headed Vairocana." Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture N-Sr, vol. 12, 2016, pp. 750.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Yann Lovelock, Yuan Chou, Susan Huntington, Gary Edson, and Robert Neather. 2016. "Nalanda: Four-Headed Vairocana" In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture N-Sr, 12:750.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Lovelock, Y., Chou, Y., Huntington, S., Edson, G., & Neather, R.. (2016). Nalanda: Four-Headed Vairocana. In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture N-Sr (Vol. 12, pp. 750).
@misc{Hsingyun2016,
author = Hsingyun and Youheng and Lovelock, Yann and Chou, Yuan and Huntington, Susan and Edson, Gary and Neather, Robert,
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture N-Sr},
pages = 750,
title = {{Nalanda: Four-Headed Vairocana}},
volume = 12,
year = {2016}}


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