Dazu Rock Carvings Baodingshan Great Buddha Bay Niche 17: Illustration of the Returning Favors Sutra - Sakyamuni Buddha Carrying His Father’s Casket

CHINA, Chongqing, Dazu; Southern Song dynasty

Located in the lower tier on the left beside the central Buddha figure, this carving depicts a story that is described in both the Returning Favors Sutra and the King Suddhodana Parinirvana Sutra. After Sakyamuni Buddha’s father, King Suddhodana passed away, Nanda, Ananda, Rahula, and the Four Heavenly Kings offered to carry his coffin. However, Sakyamuni decided to carry the coffin himself, fulfilling his filial duty and setting an example for future generations. This carving depicts one corner of the coffin, with Sakyamuni bearing the load in front, aided by two Heavenly Kings behind him. Two rays of light emit from Sakyamuni’s head; within them two phrases are carved: “Great Filial Sakyamuni Buddha,” and “Carrying Father’s Coffin Personally.” Nanda is in front of the coffin, while Rahula and Ananda walk behind. A pagoda engraved with the words, “King Suddhodana’s Relic Pagoda” is located in front of Nanda. An inscription carved on the wall reads: “Sakyamuni Buddha carrying his father’s coffin to teach the Dharma to future generations.”