Mathura: Life of the Buddha - Parinirvana
Red sandstone
涅槃圖
印度北方邦秣菟羅出土
印度北方邦秣菟羅（Mathura, Uttar Pradesh）出土。涅槃題材在犍陀羅頗為流行，在秣菟羅亦有數件作品，本作品即為其一。
圖示娑羅雙樹之下，佛陀側身橫臥於榻上，頭枕右手，閉目進入涅槃，其軀體部分殘損嚴重。周圍悲傷嚎啕的弟子及信眾等，在圖像與構圖上繼承犍陀羅美術的風格，但已明顯簡化。
秣菟羅出土的一些佛傳故事，在構圖上採用了犍陀羅雕刻從上到下分階段敘事的模式，特別是在一塊石板上，依次刻劃佛陀一生的事蹟，例如誕生、降魔成道、初轉法輪、帝釋窟說法、舍衛城神變、涅槃等。特定場面，依事件的次數又分為四相圖、五相圖、八相圖等。此塊石柱很有可能是雕刻佛陀一生中的重要事蹟，若依慣例，佛涅槃圖總是安置於末端，只是石柱的上方已破損無法考證。
For more details, go to the Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture G-M, page 701.
Cite this article:
Hsingyun, et al. "Mathura: Life of the Buddha - Parinirvana." Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture G-M, vol. 11, 2016, pp. 701.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Yann Lovelock, Yuan Chou, Susan Huntington, Gary Edson, and Robert Neather. 2016. "Mathura: Life of the Buddha - Parinirvana" In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture G-M, 11:701.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Lovelock, Y., Chou, Y., Huntington, S., Edson, G., & Neather, R.. (2016). Mathura: Life of the Buddha - Parinirvana. In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture G-M (Vol. 11, pp. 701).
@misc{Hsingyun2016,
author = Hsingyun and Youheng and Lovelock, Yann and Chou, Yuan and Huntington, Susan and Edson, Gary and Neather, Robert,
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture G-M},
pages = 701,
title = {{Mathura: Life of the Buddha - Parinirvana}},
volume = 11,
year = {2016}}
author = Hsingyun and Youheng and Lovelock, Yann and Chou, Yuan and Huntington, Susan and Edson, Gary and Neather, Robert,
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture G-M},
pages = 701,
title = {{Mathura: Life of the Buddha - Parinirvana}},
volume = 11,
year = {2016}}