Tofukuji Temple: Bodhidharma
Ink and color on paper
達摩像 吉山明兆
日本
據此作品的「明兆筆」落款及「破草●（革+奚）印」的白文方章，得知為日本京都東福寺畫僧吉山明兆約四十歲時所作。繪製於十四世紀末。日本現存達摩古畫臉部姿態採半側面表現者多，而此像則為少見的正面之姿。一九○一年指定為日本重要文化財。
圖中為達摩於中國河南嵩山少林寺岩窟內面壁九年的禪坐像。雙眉攢聚，眼珠貼近上眼瞼，神情專注。下巴和雙頰蓄短鬚，抿嘴，臉部肌肉緊繃，此即受到中國元代（1271～1368）釋道人物畫的影響。行筆近似於中國元代民間畫家顏輝，線條粗獷流暢，筆墨濃重，表情寫實。
此圖以水墨為主，再以宋（960～1279）、元畫的樣式描繪，衣紋以勁健的粗墨線勾勒，呈現當時佛畫尚未一般化的水墨畫風。
For more details, go to the Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z, page 916.
Cite this article:
Hsingyun, et al. "Tofukuji Temple: Bodhidharma." Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z, vol. 16, 2016, pp. 916.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Youlu, Graham Wilson, Manho, Mankuang, and Susan Huntington. 2016. "Tofukuji Temple: Bodhidharma" In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z, 16:916.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Youlu, Wilson, G., Manho, Mankuang, & Huntington, S.. (2016). Tofukuji Temple: Bodhidharma. In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z (Vol. 16, pp. 916).
@misc{Hsingyun2016,
author = Hsingyun and Youheng and Youlu and Wilson, Graham and Manho and Mankuang and Huntington, Susan,
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z},
pages = 916,
title = {{Tofukuji Temple: Bodhidharma}},
volume = 16,
year = {2016}}
author = Hsingyun and Youheng and Youlu and Wilson, Graham and Manho and Mankuang and Huntington, Susan,
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z},
pages = 916,
title = {{Tofukuji Temple: Bodhidharma}},
volume = 16,
year = {2016}}