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Nalanda: Twelve-Armed Avalokitesvara

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十二臂觀音菩薩像

印度比哈爾邦那爛陀寺遺址出土

一九七一年印度比哈爾邦(Bihar)那爛陀寺遺址(Nalanda)出土。作品以高浮雕技法刻製,幾近圓雕。主尊觀音菩薩居中,比例特大,身側配置多尊佛和菩薩像,構圖對稱平衡。整體造像刻劃生動逼真,展現出生命活力,肌膚似具彈性和莊嚴飾件表現富麗細緻等,均承襲了笈多王朝(約320~550)的藝術特質。
 觀音帶橢圓形頭光,頂戴高聳寶冠,前置禪定阿彌陀佛。肩寬腰細,身形健壯。穿戴耳飾、項鍊、腕釧、腰飾,左肩斜披聖線。右主臂下垂作與願印,餘五臂或執寶珠,或數珠,或無持物;左主臂屈肘持長莖蓮花,餘五臂分持水瓶、●(Q)索、經篋等法器。
 觀音頭光頂端飾華蓋,邊沿雕聯珠紋和卷草紋。頭光兩側各置一尊結跏趺坐佛,右尊手施無畏印,或為不空成就佛;左尊手結與願印,或為寶生佛。觀音身側左右相對配置一女尊像,腳旁兩側分別為多羅與餓鬼以及馬頭明王與毗俱胝組合。
 印度的多臂觀音像,有四、六和十二臂等造型,當中以十二臂觀音最為罕見,現今可確認的遺品僅有四尊,該像即為其中最傑出者。除了主尊的鼻準、裙襬和雙足稍有磨損之外,作品大致保存完好,提供了研究印度多臂觀音造像的寶貴實證。

For more details, go to the Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture N-Sr, page 753.

Cite this article:

Hsingyun, et al. "Nalanda: Twelve-Armed Avalokitesvara." Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture N-Sr, vol. 12, 2016, pp. 753.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Yann Lovelock, Yuan Chou, Susan Huntington, Gary Edson, and Robert Neather. 2016. "Nalanda: Twelve-Armed Avalokitesvara" In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture N-Sr, 12:753.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Lovelock, Y., Chou, Y., Huntington, S., Edson, G., & Neather, R.. (2016). Nalanda: Twelve-Armed Avalokitesvara. In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture N-Sr (Vol. 12, pp. 753).
@misc{Hsingyun2016,
author = Hsingyun and Youheng and Lovelock, Yann and Chou, Yuan and Huntington, Susan and Edson, Gary and Neather, Robert,
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture N-Sr},
pages = 753,
title = {{Nalanda: Twelve-Armed Avalokitesvara}},
volume = 12,
year = {2016}}


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