EBA


Images

Nalanda: Four-Armed Avalokitesvara

Stone

四臂觀音菩薩及脇侍像

印度比哈爾邦那爛陀寺遺址出土

印度比哈爾邦(Bihar)那爛陀寺遺址(Nalanda)出土。波羅王朝(Pala,約8~12世紀)雕造大量四臂、六臂及十二臂等多臂觀音像,此即為四臂觀音中的典型範例。
 主尊觀音頂戴三葉高冠,正面雕化佛。頭光呈蓮瓣形,內緣飾扭轉的花環,外緣刻火焰紋。直立於蓮台上,右主臂下垂作與願印,掌心刻有法輪,另一臂屈肘持念珠。左主臂舉於身側握持從地長出的長莖蓮花,另一臂下垂提水瓶。其持物構想或許源自笈多王朝(約320〜550)鹿野苑地區彌勒菩薩造像的持物;另有學者則認為是採印度教梵天圖像之特徵。
 觀音左右脇侍分別為四臂毗俱胝和二臂多羅,均採三屈式立姿,右手結與願印;毗俱胝餘手分持念珠、水瓶及三叉戟。主尊頭光兩側各浮雕一結跏趺坐佛,右尊結觸地印,或為阿●(L)佛,左尊結禪定印,或為阿彌陀佛。菩薩右腳旁有一腹部鼓脹的餓鬼蹲跪在地,抬頭仰望,雙手高舉作祈求狀,意喻觀音正廣施救濟。蓮台右下角雕一小型蹲跪供養像,雙手合掌,虔誠膜拜。
 整體造像從整齊的衣紋、精緻的裝飾以及頭光的花環紋飾等表現,推測應為波羅王朝中期約十世紀所作。

For more details, go to the Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture N-Sr, page 749.

Cite this article:

Hsingyun, et al. "Nalanda: Four-Armed Avalokitesvara." Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture N-Sr, vol. 12, 2016, pp. 749.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Yann Lovelock, Yuan Chou, Susan Huntington, Gary Edson, and Robert Neather. 2016. "Nalanda: Four-Armed Avalokitesvara" In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture N-Sr, 12:749.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Lovelock, Y., Chou, Y., Huntington, S., Edson, G., & Neather, R.. (2016). Nalanda: Four-Armed Avalokitesvara. In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture N-Sr (Vol. 12, pp. 749).
@misc{Hsingyun2016,
author = Hsingyun and Youheng and Lovelock, Yann and Chou, Yuan and Huntington, Susan and Edson, Gary and Neather, Robert,
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Sculpture N-Sr},
pages = 749,
title = {{Nalanda: Four-Armed Avalokitesvara}},
volume = 12,
year = {2016}}


© 2025 Fo Guang Shan. All Rights Reserved.