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Yong’an Temple Dharma Transmission Hall: Water and Land Dharma Service Murals (east wall)

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Yong’an Temple Dharma Transmission Hall: Water and Land Dharma Service Murals (detail)

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Yong’an Temple Dharma Transmission Hall: Water and Land Dharma Service Murals - Four Envoys of Time

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Yong’an Temple Dharma Transmission Hall: Water and Land Dharma Service Murals - Deceased Scribes (detail)

永安寺水陸畫

中國

位於山西省大同市渾源縣永安寺傳法正宗殿。該堂水陸畫未見畫師和年款題記,依題材、風格和人物造型判斷,應為明代(1368~1644)所繪。據清康熙二十六年(1687)《永安寺置造供器記》載:「丙辰之歲殿宇重塈,畫工捻誠繪壁協力,冥陽水陸諸神悉備,金碧輝煌,焚香引氣,修設道場,年逢夏四祀。」知清康熙十五年補繪。
 水陸畫因水陸法會而制,按照儀軌,全堂水陸畫包括十法界,即四聖六凡,代表法會邀請到的對象。水陸畫一般分上、下二堂,上堂所繪內容為諸佛、菩薩、聲聞、緣覺、明王、金剛及護法諸天等;下堂內容為天、阿修羅、人、地獄、餓鬼、畜生等六道。
 該殿塑佛已毀,壁畫布滿四壁,總面積達170平方公尺。後壁(北壁)板門兩側繪十大明王,與殿內原塑的佛、菩薩、聲聞、護法像,及梁架上天宮樓閣中原有的諸天像,共同組成上堂水陸畫。東西兩壁和南壁兩梢間,畫面分上中下三層,每組上隅均有榜題標明畫作名稱,題側留有「信士□□□金粧」字樣。
 東壁和南壁東梢間上層繪天藏王菩薩及天界四方天王、日月金木水火土七曜諸星君等;中層為十二黃道、二十八宿及北斗星君、年月日時四時使者;下層有羅剎女眾、曠野大將眾、般支迦大將、矩畔拏眾、訶利帝母眾、大聖引路王菩薩及往古比丘、帝王后妃、忠臣烈士、三貞九烈、孝子賢孫、三教九流、各業百姓等。
 西壁與南壁西梢間上層繪持地菩薩眾及五嶽聖帝、四瀆龍王及五湖百川風雲雷電諸神;中層是社神后土、五道城隍、十殿閻君、地府百官;下層是十八層地獄司職鬼魅及各種冤死亡魂孤鬼等眾。
 整套水陸畫繪有八百八十二個形態各異的人物形象,布局宏大,筆力遒勁流暢,色彩絢麗明快,人物刻劃細膩,表情栩栩如生。畫中拋妻棄子、枉濫無辜、饑荒餓殍、賊刑盜獄、軍陣傷殘、貧病禍患等,深刻地反映了當時社會生活的某些層面,為研究當時社會現象提供了寶貴資料。

For more details, go to the Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z, page 1044.

Cite this article:

Hsingyun, et al. "Yong’an Temple Dharma Transmission Hall: Water and Land Dharma Service Murals." Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z, vol. 16, 2016, pp. 1044.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Youlu, Graham Wilson, Manho, Mankuang, and Susan Huntington. 2016. "Yong’an Temple Dharma Transmission Hall: Water and Land Dharma Service Murals" In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z, 16:1044.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Youlu, Wilson, G., Manho, Mankuang, & Huntington, S.. (2016). Yong’an Temple Dharma Transmission Hall: Water and Land Dharma Service Murals. In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z (Vol. 16, pp. 1044).
@misc{Hsingyun2016,
author = Hsingyun and Youheng and Youlu and Wilson, Graham and Manho and Mankuang and Huntington, Susan,
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z},
pages = 1044,
title = {{Yong’an Temple Dharma Transmission Hall: Water and Land Dharma Service Murals}},
volume = 16,
year = {2016}}


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