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Palcho Monastery Kumbum Stupa: Diamond Realm Mandala

白居寺金剛界曼荼羅圖

中國

位於白居寺菩提塔(dpal 'khor mchod rten)第五層東室主尊佛右壁中央。密教曼荼羅圖被推定於七世紀下半葉至八世紀成立。《金剛頂經》闡述密教金剛界法門,系統地介紹金剛界曼荼羅,其種類達二十八種之多。八世紀左右印度阿南達噶拔著有《金剛頂經》注釋,其中敘述四十四種金剛界曼荼羅,而白居寺菩提塔第五層的壁畫中即呈現其中的四十種,此圖為其中之一,繪於十五世紀上半葉。
 曼荼羅呈內圓外方,中央主尊為四面二臂一切智大日如來,手結智拳印,結跏趺坐,獨立於一圓形空間內。主尊下方按順時針方向依序為東方阿●(門+三人)佛、南方寶生佛、西方阿彌陀佛及北方不空成就佛,各以其身相之顏色,藍、黃、紅、綠為地,作為背景。
 此四佛之四方各圍繞四尊菩薩坐像,另有四尊供養菩薩間次坐於四佛之間。曼荼羅四城門入口各有一尊菩薩坐像;入口兩側各有數身空形母立像,雙臂長伸,二足翹起,身形扭曲。曼荼羅之圓輪以金剛杵為飾,交叉處以十字金剛杵為界,珠鍊垂飾呈弧狀,構成其外側方形空間。

For more details, go to the Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z, page 734.

Cite this article:

Hsingyun, et al. "Palcho Monastery Kumbum Stupa: Diamond Realm Mandala." Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z, vol. 16, 2016, pp. 734.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Youlu, Graham Wilson, Manho, Mankuang, and Susan Huntington. 2016. "Palcho Monastery Kumbum Stupa: Diamond Realm Mandala" In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z, 16:734.
Hsingyun, Youheng, Youlu, Wilson, G., Manho, Mankuang, & Huntington, S.. (2016). Palcho Monastery Kumbum Stupa: Diamond Realm Mandala. In Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z (Vol. 16, pp. 734).
@misc{Hsingyun2016,
author = Hsingyun and Youheng and Youlu and Wilson, Graham and Manho and Mankuang and Huntington, Susan,
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Painting P-Z},
pages = 734,
title = {{Palcho Monastery Kumbum Stupa: Diamond Realm Mandala}},
volume = 16,
year = {2016}}


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