Samneung Valley Rock Carvings: Seated Buddha

SOUTH KOREA, North Gyeongsang, Gyeongju; Unified Silla dynasty

This rock sculpture is situated high up in the Samneung Valley. The valley is a historic site where many Buddhist artifacts have been found. “Samneung” in Korean refers to the three tombs belonging to three kings of the Silla dynasty (57 BCE–935): 8th King Adalla (reigned 154–183), 53th King Sindeok (reigned 913–916), and the 54th King Gyeongmyeong (reigned 917–923). The tomb of King Gyeongae (reigned 924–926), the younger brother of King Gyeongmyeong is located near the three tombs. The carving was listed as Provincial Tangible Cultural Property No. 158.
The Buddha’s head and shoulders are carved in relief while most other features are incised. The figure sits in full lotus position on a lotus throne, while the right hand forms the abhaya (fearlessness) mudra. The figure wears monastic robes with simple folds. Rigid facial expression and diverse lines in the clothing were features of the later Unified Silla dynasty (668–935).