Illustrated Manuscript of the Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita Sutra

NEPAL

This palm leaf manuscript of the Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita Sutra was transcribed in 1177 in Bihar or the eastern region of Bangladesh during the Pala period (circa 8th–12th century). During the 11th and 12th centuries, transcribing sutras was a popular practice. Many noble families would commission temples to transcribe on their behalf and offered the sutras to the Buddha as a prayer for wish-fulfillment. Despite this, dated and illustrated palm leaf manuscripts from this time period are rare.
The illustration on the upper palm leaf depicts the Buddha defeating Mara. Sakyamuni Buddha is in deep meditation, seated in full lotus position on a lotus throne. He is surrounded by four figures representing Mara’s army, who either roar or or blow horns to disturb him. However, the Buddha remains unmoved, sitting beneath a Bodhi tree and forming the bhumisparsa (earth-touching) mudra.
The bottom palm leaf depicts a Bodhisattva in relaxation posture on a lotus throne. The Bodhisattva is flanked by two attendants and sheltered under a canopy. On each side of the illustration, there is a tall tree. Both of the images are typical of early Indian illustrated palm leaf manuscripts, with a symmetrical layout and bright colors.