Mogao Cave 112: Illustration of the Diamond Sutra

CHINA, Gansu, Dunhuang; Tang dynasty

This Mid-Tang period (756–846) mural is located on the left side of the south wall of Cave 112. It depicts the Buddha teaching the Dharma at Jetavana Monastery, a scene described in the Diamond Sutra. The background is comprised of windswept clouds, undulating ridges, lush vegetation, and meandering streams that together reflect the innovations in landscape painting that occurred during the Mid-Tang period.
A Buddha, two Bodhisattvas, and two disciples are painted in each of the upper corners. In the center of the painting, a large Buddha figure sits in full lotus position on a lotus throne, teaching the Dharma. The face, hands, and upper torso of the figure are damaged. On either side of the lotus throne, a Bodhisattva kneels and holds an object in offering. Beside and behind them stand more Bodhisattvas, disciples, and Heavenly Kings. The disciples have devout expressions, while the Heavenly Kings appear fierce and dignified. Dancers and musicians perform before the assembly, creating an exuberant atmosphere. All the figures have plump faces and strong, graceful physiques.