Mogao Cave 138: Illustration of the Returning Favors Sutra

CHINA, Gansu, Dunhuang; Tang dynasty

Located to the left of the entrance on the front (east) wall of the main chamber of Cave 138, this illustration of the Returning Favors Sutra dates from the Late Tang period (846–907). The left and right vertical panels depict the Alambusa Jataka from the “Chapter on Debate,” and the Prince Sujata Jataka from the “Chapter on Filial Piety,” respectively. Both narrative illustrations have mountain landscapes in the background which are integrated with the central Dharma teaching scene in the upper register.
In the center of the mural, Sakyamuni Buddha sits in full lotus position on a lotus throne, teaching the Dharma to an assembly of disciples, Bodhisattvas, Heavenly Kings, and other heavenly beings. A canopy hangs above the Buddha, and there are dancers and musicians below the throne. Shrines and pavilions occupy the upper register, and in the sky above the buildings are clouds carrying Buddhas and Bodhisattvas.