Ahichhatra: Buddha and Attendants

INDIA, Uttar Pradesh, Ahichhatra

This sculpture was most likely created around 160, during the 32nd year of the rule of King Kaniska (reigned circa 129–160) according to the inscription carved along the edges of the throne, though the date is questioned.
The diaphanous monastic robe that the Buddha wears is an obvious similarity to the contemporary Mathura style. Indeed, because of the red sandstone material, the piece might have been carved at Mathura. The usnisa resembles a snail shell while the hair below is smooth. The smile on the face of the Buddha is wide and the shoulders are disproportionately broad. The figure sits enthroned in full lotus position with the right hand raised in the abhaya (fearlessness) mudra, while the left hand is closed and rests on the thigh. The nimbus behind the figure is decorated with a ring of semicircles along the edges; a second band embellished with Bodhi leaves surrounds the exterior and supports two small heavenly guardians. The Buddha is flanked by a pair of attendants. The one on the right wears an elaborate headdress and jewelry, and holds a lotus. The attendant on the left wears a flower garland on the head, a knotted scarf around the shoulders, and a short dhoti. The figure holds a vajra in the right hand. Some scholars believe that the two represent Brahma and Sakra judging by their clothing and the objects they hold. Alternatively, they might be Padmapani (lotus-bearer) and Vajrapani (vajra-bearer) respectively, who are Bodhisattvas in Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism. This group may be a forerunner of the Womb Realm Mandala. A relief with a Bodhi tree at the center, surrounded by figures making offerings, and a pair of lions is on the front of the lion throne.