Hokkeji Temple: Amitabha Buddha Triad and a Child

JAPAN, Nara; Heian to Kamakura period

This large painting made up of three panels was probably used in Dharma services. Dated from the 12th or 13th century, it is one of the oldest raigo (welcoming approach) paintings in Japan and was listed as a National Treasure in 1952. The compositions of the three panels suggest they were painted at different times, but they all exhibit the same concise, skillful brushwork.
The central panel measures 185.5 cm by 146.1 cm and portrays Amitabha Buddha most likely forming the Dharmacakra (Dharma wheel) mudra. The left panel, measuring 186.4 cm by 173.6 cm, depicts the Bodhisattvas Avalokitesvara and Mahasthamaprapta facing Amitabha Buddha. The right panel meaures 183.3 cm by 55.2 cm, and depicts a child leading the triad with a banner. Amitabha Buddha is dressed in a red monastic robe and sits in full lotus position on a red lotus throne. The Buddha has a robust build, and the nimbus and aureole radiate light in overlapping rings. The lotus throne hovers on clouds, and red and white lotuses are scattered in the background. Avalokitesvara and Mahasthamaprapta are depicted amid falling flower petals. They have slender, graceful builds and wear billowing stoles. The child attendant stands on clouds, facing away from the three larger figures.