Jingoji Temple: Mandalas of the Two Realms

JAPAN, Kyoto; Heian period

These two mandalas kept at Jingoji Temple are sometimes known as the “Takao Mandalas” after Mount Takao, where the temple is located. They are modeled after the mandalas based on the Mahavairocana Sutra and Vajrasekhara Sutra. Both sutras were brought to Japan from China by Master Kukai. Along with another set of Mandalas of the Two Realms kept in Toji Temple, they are some of the oldest Vajrayana Buddhist illustrations produced in Japan. In 1954, they were listed as a National Treasure.
Although both mandalas are damaged, the fine brushstrokes and elegant style are still evident. Each deity in the mandalas are seated within a square. They have nimbuses and mandorlas decorated with flame patterns. The figures are traced with gold and silver on reddish purple silk. The borders of the mandalas are decorated with patterned flowers and birds.