Todaiji Temple: Master Fazang

JAPAN, Nara; Kamakura period

This picture depicts Master Fazang teaching the Dharma to Emperor Xuanzong (reigned 712–756) of the Tang dynasty. Though it was painted in Japan in the 13th century, the inscription in the upper left corner contains the date 1185, which suggests that this is a replica of an original artwork made in China during the Jin dynasty (1115–1234), or Korea during the Goryeo dynasty (918–1392). The painting was listed as an Important Cultural Property of Japan in 1897.
Fazang was the Third Patriarch of the Huayan school, and was named National Master Xiangxiang (Fragrant Elephant) by the emperor. A renowned teacher, translator, and imperial adviser, he devoted his life to explaining and propagating the teachings of the Avatamsaka Sutra. In Japan he is known as the founder of the Kegon school.
Fazang sits behind a desk, holding a ruyi (wish-fulfilling talisman) and appearing to deliver a speech. Flowers miraculously appear from his breath as he speaks, falling gently to the ground around him. Ten fascicles of the Avatamsaka Sutra and an incense burner rest on the desk. On the ground below, there is a beautiful carpet decorated with images of birds.