
Stone
There are a total of 30 columns located within the hall and antechamber on the first story of Cave 12. Three rows of eight columns are located within the main hall, and six more within the antechamber.
Most of the relief carvings are found on the two inner rows of columns within the main hall. The upper half of these column shafts are covered with detailed carvings of lotuses, foliage, makaras, and other designs. The middle sections display amalaka fruit, and the four corners are each adorned with a yaksa. The lower half of the columns, along with the bases, are smooth and without embellishment.
For more details, go to the Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Caves A-E, page 348.