
These images cover the side walls and barrel-vaulted ceiling of the cave. The motif is said to derive from the Thousand Buddhas of the Past Kalpa Sutra, which lists the names of a thousand Buddhas from the past, present, and future kalpas.
Each of the Thousand Buddhas wears a robe that covers both shoulders and is seated in full lotus position on an inverted lotus throne. All of them have a nimbus and a Bodhi tree canopy above their heads. The Buddhas are painted in an alternating red, green, and white sequence and the faces have dimension through shading and the contrast of bright and dark colors.
For more details, go to the Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts: Caves T-Z, page 1471.