Yungang Grotto 6: Buddha Triad

CHINA, Shanxi, Datong; Northern Wei dynasty

These figures are located within the upper niche on the south side of the central pillar. This niche is considered to be a classic work from the second phase of Yungang construction. It displays an exquisite, highly detailed carving technique and a high level of creativity in layout and design.
The lintel of the niche is decorated with a triangular pattern, with images of apsaras and birds above it. Nine-story pagodas, which serve as columns on either side of the niche, are supported by white elephants and filled with seated Buddhas who form the dhyana (meditation) mudra with their hands. The ceiling of the niche is encircled with apsaras.
The main figure within the niche is a large Buddha standing barefoot on a lotus pedestal. The Buddha wears a loose monastic robe belted at the chest, with long, draped sleeves and a wide bottom. The garment is carved with flowing lines and finely detailed folds, giving an impression of overall softness. This style is typical of carvings at Yungang dating to the late 5th century. The nimbus and mandorla behind the Buddha are each composed of three layers. The inner ring of the nimbus is decorated with lotuses, the middle ring features seated Buddhas, and the outer ring is painted with flame patterns. The mandorla has flame patterns on the inner and outer rings, with apsaras painted in the middle. The two attendant Bodhisattvas standing by the pagodas each hold an object in one hand, while the other is held before the chest.