Emperor Chenghua

CHINA, Beijing; Ming dynasty

Emperor Chenghua (reigned 1464–1487), commonly known as Xianzong, was the eldest son of Emperor Yingzong (reigned 1435–1449) of the Ming dynasty. His original name was Zhu Jianjun, which was later changed to Jianshen after he was instated as the crown prince. He ascended to the throne in 1464 and quickly became an industrious leader who deeply cared for the people of his country. However, during the later years due to various reasons, there was a decrease in the quality of his governing and lives of the people he ruled.
Skilled in painting, Emperor Chenghua was particularly noted for his depictions of spiritual figures, peonies, orchids, chrysanthemum, plums, and bamboo. His painting of the famous Daoist, Zhang Sanfeng, was presented with a vivid appearance and spirit. Additionally, his painting of Bodhidharma Crossing the River features concise and flowing lines, and quick brushstrokes. The loose fabric of Bodhidharma’s robe is carried by the wind, and the reed under his feet rushes in tandem with the rolling waves of water below. Overall, the painting exhibits an elegant and refined beauty. An inscription above the image indicates that it was completed by the emperor at the age of 33. The painting is currently kept at the National Palace Museum in Taipei, Taiwan.