Yakushiji Temple: Mahadevi

JAPAN, Nara; Nara period

Mahadevi is a heavenly being mentioned in scriptures such as the Golden Light Sutra. In Japan, Mahadevi is a symbol of beauty and wealth, and is commonly depicted as a lady of the imperial court. Her image is still displayed in shops to bring good fortune. This picture of Mahadevi was likely painted during the second half of the 8th century, making it one of the oldest surviving Japanese paintings on linen cloth. It is kept at Yakushiji Temple and used in rituals held annually during the first month of the year to pray for a good harvest, peace, and prosperity. In 1951, it was listed as a National Treasure.
Mahadevi is portrayed with a round face, dark eyebrows, and red lips, resembling women in Tang dynasty (618–907) paintings. Flowers are pinned to her topknot and a faint nimbus surrounds her head. She wears an elegant robe decorated with floral and diamond patterns. A wish-fulfilling jewel rests in her left hand, symbolizing her ability to answer the prayers of devotees. Ribbons attached to the robe appear to flutter in the wind. The figure was drawn with delicate strokes, colored using the wash technique, and embellished with gilt.