Yulin Cave 4: Mandala - Heavenly Kings

CHINA, Gansu, Guazhou; Yuan dynasty

These images are located within the mandala situated on the back (east) wall. Each of the four corners outside the central circle of the mandala features a checkered pattern and a Heavenly King.
With both hands, the Heavenly King in the north corner holds a lotus platter that contains a jewel. He sits in the relaxation posture on a rocky outcrop. The face is rounded and the upturned eyes give him a kind, gentle countenance. The king’s helmet is decorated with a large jewel, two flaming jewels, and large tassels on either side. He wears lavishly decorated body armor and a green stole draped over the shoulders. Tied at the waist is a blue sash and jade belt, while on the legs and feet are leather leggings and shoes.
The Heavenly King in the south corner of the mandala holds a jewel with the left hand and a plate with a conch shell in the right hand. The face is dignified, with a serious expression. Instead of a helmet, an ornate headdress decorated with gems and flaming jewels is worn. The king’s chainmail armor is decorated with numerous ornaments and sashes. A flaming mandorla is depicted behind each king, which enhances the impression of Heavenly King’s appearance and power.