Mogao Cave 445: Illustration of the Amitabha Sutra

CHINA, Gansu, Dunhuang; Tang dynasty

This mural is on the south wall of the main chamber and is based on the Amitabha Sutra. The center of the painting features an image of Amitabha Buddha seated in full lotus position, attended by Avalokitesvara and Mahasthamaprapta Bodhisattvas and surrounded by other Bodhisattvas. A canopy is painted above the Buddha, and an altar with a mountain censer stands before him. On the platform below the altar are two heavenly dancers depicted in vigorous poses with stoles fluttering around them.
Towers are erected on either side of the Buddha and Bodhisattvas. The two towers have platforms and banners fly atop them. Heavenly musicians stand on the tower platforms playing various musical instruments. The musicians on the left play mostly stringed instruments., while those on the right play percussion instruments. The figures are rendered in different postures and colors to create a varied and lively scene. On both sides of the towers are more Bodhisattvas and heavenly beings. The pond of seven treasures is depicted in the lower register, with images of lotus-born children and mythical animals within it. The painting has been damaged by smoke but is still mostly discernible. With simple and vivid use of lines and the application of rich and elegant colors, this illustration expresses the grandeur of the Western Pure Land.