Mogao Cave 45: Illustration of the Amitayurdhyana Sutra

CHINA, Gansu, Dunhuang; Tang dynasty

This High Tang period (712–756) illustration of the Amitayurdhyana Sutra is located on the north wall of the main chamber. Amitabha Buddha, situated at the center, wears an ocher robe and has a blue usnisa on top of the head. With a full face and elongated ears that reach the shoulders, the Buddha sits barefoot on a lotus throne in full lotus position. The folds of the robes are simple and smooth, and above the head is a canopy decorated with a flame pattern. Surrounding Amitabha are several rows of Bodhisattvas, who listen to the Buddha’s teaching. Two heavenly dancers are found beneath the lotus throne, and heavenly musicians play music upon the square platform to each side.
Avalokitesvara and Mahasthamaprapta Bodhisattvas are seated in half lotus position to the right and left of the Buddha, respectively. They face the Buddha and wear headdresses, stoles, jewelry, and long, ocher dhotis. Surrounding them are several more Bodhisattvas, beyond which are the shrines, pavilions, and lotus ponds of the Western Pure Land. The Sixteen Contemplations and the story of Ajatasatru are painted to the left and right sides of the mural. The lower portion of the painting has been damaged.